image source: http://www.civilengineeringterms.com/steel-structures/stiffener/
Stiffeners:
– consist of steel/ wood plates fitted between flanges
– help prevent the buckling of flanges
– are used in various locations, including at the crown and points of change in direction.
image source: http://www.allaboutskyscrapers.com/construction/introduction
Considered the world’s first skyscraper.
While going through the Kaplan Questions and Answers, various forms of this question appear again and again.. I think it’d be a good idea to just memorize the solution.
d = width, h = height, P = lateral load, resultant force is in tension.
Source: http://www.fgg.uni-lj.si/kmk/ESDEP/media/wg11/f0800005.jpg
Allowed Splices:
1. Lapped
2. Welded
3. Mechanical Connection
Focus = Hypocenter (they are synonyms):
The site of earthquake.
Epicenter:
The projection of the focus/ Hypocenter onto the earth’s surface
[SOIL]
Proctor (Compaction) Test:
Determines the optimal moisture content of soil
Test Boring:
Measures ability of the soil to support structures
[CONCRETE]
Cylinder Test:
Determines the quality, texture and strength of hardened concrete
Slump Test:
Measures workability of concrete
Impact-hammer Test:
Measures strength of concrete
Kelly Ball Test:
Measures workability of concrete
ARE we there yet? 
